In the light of economic openness after 2003 and the transition from a dictatorial
political system to a pluralistic democratic system, many changes occurred in state
administration and governance. This change strengthened Iraq’s return to the
international economic arena as an oil source. The revenues from these exports
allowed for significant financial gains, fostering hopes for change in various aspects
of Iraqi reality: economic, social, urban, and educational

Critical Review of the Economic Reforms Program (Federal Budget 2023 – 2025)