After a change in the political system in 2003, shifting to a democratic system, Iraq conducted five elections for the parliamentary and provincial councils. During these elections, various electoral systems and modifications were used, sparking debates and discussions among experts, activists, political parties, politicians, and the general public. Notable among these laws were the Modified Sainte-Laguë Law (1.7) used in the 2018 parliamentary elections (the fourth parliamentary round ) and the Multi-District Law used in the 2021 elections (the fifth parliamentary session). This paper conducts a comparative analysis of the Modified Sainte-Laguë Law (1.7), the Multi-District Law, and the Mixed Electoral System using several indicators, including representation, political stability, wasted votes, and actual votes. It calculates election results when transitioning between these systems, utilizing the same number of votes for each candidate and political entity.

Using the Mixed Electoral System to Ensure Party Balance and Increase Independent Candidates Chances